COX-2 Inhibitors block a protein that causes an inflammatory response. All anti-inflammatory drugs (including ibuprofen and aspirin) inhibit COX-2 to some extent. Celecoxib (Celebrex) is the only specific COX-2 inhibitor available by prescription in the US. An inflammatory response may encourage cancer survival.
Although early results in animal models and in small scale trials looked promising, the first large scale, controlled study (the STAMPEDE trial) of celecoxib+hormone therapy vs hormone therapy alone showed no benefit to celecoxib (Celebrex). Whether or not it may have a synergistic effect with other ingredients in a cocktail (e.g., statins) remains to be seen.